Booker Taliaferro Washington (April 5, 1856-November 14, 1915) was an African American educator, writer and reformer. Born in a slave hut on a plantation in Franklin County, Virginia, April 5, 1856, Booker Taliaferro Washington taught himself to read and write, stating:
<In all my efforts to learn to read, my mother shared fully my ambition and sympathized with me and aided me in every way she could.> 1856BW001
In dire poverty after the Civil War, he moved to West Virginia and worked in salt furnaces and coal mines during the day and attended school at night. At age sixteen, he walked nearly 500 miles to attend Hampton Institute in Virginia, founded by Union General Samuel Chapman Armstrong.
Booker T. Washington resisted yielding to race prejudice, as he wrote in Up From Slavery (1901):
<I learned this lesson from General Samuel Chapman Armstrong, and resolved that I would permit no man, no matter what his color might be, to narrow and degrade my soul by making me hate him. With God's help, I believe that I have completely rid myself of any ill feeling toward the Southern white man for any wrong that he may have inflicted upon my race.
I am made to feel just as happy now when I am rendering service to Southern white men as when the service is rendered to a member of my own race. I pity from the bottom of my heart any individual who is so unfortunate as to get into the habit of holding race prejudice.> 1856BW002
Booker T. Washington stated:
<I have spoken of my admiration for General Armstrong, and yet he was but a type of that Christlike body of men and women who went into the Negro schools at the close of the war by the hundreds to assist in lifting up my race. The history of the world fails to show a higher, purer, and more unselfish class of men and women than those who found their way into those Negro schools.> 1856BW003
Booker T. Washington stated:
<I shall allow no man to belittle my soul by making me hate him.> 1856BW004
<In the sight of God there is no color line, and we want to cultivate a spirit that will make us forget that there is such a line anyway.> 1856BW005
<Those who have accomplished the greatest results are those...who never grow excited or lose self-control, but are always calm, self-possessed, patient and polite.> 1856BW006
Graduating from the Hampton Institute in 1875, Booker T. Washington wrote in his book, Up From Slavery, 1901:
<Perhaps the most valuable thing that I got out of my second year at the Hampton Institute was an understanding of the use and value of the Bible. Miss Nathalie Lord, one of the teachers, from Portland, Maine, taught me how to use and love the Bible.
Before this I had never cared a great deal about it, but now I learned to love to read the Bible, not only for the spiritual help which it gives, but on account of it as literature.
The lessons taught me in this respect took such a hold upon me that at the present time, when I am at home, no matter how busy I am, I always make it a rule to read a chapter or a portion of a chapter in the morning, before beginning the work of the day. Whatever ability I may have as a public speaker I owe in a measure to Miss Lord.> 1856BW007
Booker T. Washington attended the Wayland Baptist Seminary in Washington, DC. In 1876, he taught school in Malden, West Virginia, where he also taught Sunday School at African Zion Baptist Church.
Booker T. Washington returned to teach at the Hampton Institute, then in 1881, at the age of 25, he founded the Tuskegee Institute in Alabama. Starting with 33 students, by the time of his death, November 14, 1915, Tuskegee Institute had grown to over 2,000 students, with a faculty of 200 teaching 38 trades.
At Tuskegee, students had to learn trades as well as academics.
Students literally built the school by making bricks, constructing classrooms, barns and outbuildings. They grew their own crops and raised livestock.
Booker T. Washington stated:
<At the bottom of education, at the bottom of politics, even at the bottom of religion itself, there must be for our race, as for all races, an economic foundation, economic prosperity, economic independence.> 1856BW008
Since slaves had to work so hard, once freed the expectation was that they would not have to work as hard. Booker T. Washington countered this by teaching:
<No race can prosper till it learns that there is as much dignity in tilling a field as in writing a poem.> 1856BW009
Rising in national recognition, Booker T. Washington was invited to give an historic address at the International Exposition in Atlanta, September 18, 1895, as he recorded in book, Up From Slavery, (1901):
<Atlanta was literally packed, at the time, with people from all parts of the country, and with representatives of foreign governments, as well as with military and civic organizations. The afternoon papers had forecasts of the next day's proceedings in flaring headlines. All this tended to add to my burden. I did not sleep much that night.
The next morning, before day, I went carefully over what I planned to say. I also kneeled down and asked God's blessing upon my effort. Right here, perhaps, I ought to add that I make it a rule never to go before an audience, on any occasion, without asking the blessing of God upon what I want to say.> 1856BW010
In his Atlanta Exposition speech, Booker T. Washington stated:
<A ship lost at sea for many days suddenly sighted a friendly vessel.
From the mast of the unfortunate vessel was seen a signal, 'Water, water; we die of thirst!' The answer from the friendly vessel at once came back, 'Cast down your bucket where you are.'
A second time the signal, 'Water, water; send us water!' ran up from the distressed vessel, and was answered, 'Cast down your bucket where you are.' And a third and fourth signal for water was answered, 'Cast down your bucket where you are.'
The captain of the distressed vessel, at last heading the injunction, cast down his bucket, and it came up full of fresh, sparkling water from the mouth of the Amazon River...
To those of my race who depend on bettering their condition in a foreign land or who underestimate the importance of cultivating friendly relations with the Southern white man, who is their next-door neighbor, I would say:
'Cast down your bucket where you are'-cast it down in making friends in every manly way of the people of all races by whom we are surrounded...
To those of the white race who look to the incoming of those of foreign birth and strange tongue and habits of the prosperity of the South, were I permitted I would repeat what I say to my own race:
'Cast down your bucket where you are.' Cast it down among the eight millions of Negroes whose habits you know, whose fidelity and love you have tested.> 1856BW011
He stated:
<Opportunities never come a second time, nor do they wait for our leisure.> 1856BW012
Booker T. Washington hired Robert Taylor, the first black architect from MIT, who graduated near the top of his class.
In the Spring of 1896, Booker T. Washington invited George Washington Carver to teach at Tuskegee, as he had just received his Masters Degree from Iowa State Agricultural Institute:
<Tuskegee Institute seeks to provide education - a means for survival to those who attend. Our students are poor, often starving. They travel miles of torn roads, across years of poverty. We teach them to read and write, but words cannot fill stomachs. They need to learn how to plant and harvest crops...
I cannot offer you money, position or fame. The first two you have. The last, from the place you now occupy, you will no doubt achieve. These things I now ask you to give up.
I offer you in their place – work - hard, hard work - the challenge of bringing people from degradation, poverty and waste to full manhood.> 1856BW013
George Washington Carver accepted his offer and joined the staff at Tuskegee Institute. On May 16, 1896, George W. Carver responded to Booker T. Washington:
<My dear Sir, I am just in receipt of yours of the 13th inst., and hasten to reply. I am looking forward to a very busy, pleasant and profitable time at your college and shall be glad to cooperate with you in doing all I can through Christ who strengtheneth me to better the condition of our people.
Some months ago I read your stirring address delivered at Chicago and I said amen to all you said, furthermore you have the correct solution to the "race problem"...
Providence permitting, I will be there in November. God bless you and your work, Geo. W. Carver.> 1856BW014
Booker T. Washington received a letter from Major T.C. Marshall, editor of the Salvation Army's Conqueror magazine, thanking him for favorable remarks regarding the Salvation Army's goal to “reach African Americans in the South for God.” Booker T. Washington replied, July 28, 1896:
<I am very glad to hear that The Salvation Army is going to undertake work among my people in the southern states. I have always had the greatest respect for the work of the Salvation Army especially because I have noted that it draws no color line in religion...
In reaching the neglected and, I might say, outcasts of our people, I feel that your methods and work have peculiar value...God bless you in all your unselfish Christian work for our country.> 1856BW015
In 1899, Booker T. Washington published The Future of the American Negro, in which he stated:
<We have reached a period when educated Negroes should give more attention to the history of their race; should devote more time to finding out the true history of the race, and in collecting in some museum the relics that mark its progress. It is true of all races of culture and refinement and civilization that they have gathered in some place the relics, which mark the progress of their civilization, which show how they lived from period to period.
We should have so much pride that we would spend more time in looking into the history of the race, more effort and money in perpetuating in some durable form its achievements, so that from year to year, instead of looking back with regret, we can point to our children the rough path through which we grew strong and great.
We have a bright and striking example in the history of the Jews in this and other countries. There is, perhaps, no race that has suffered so much, not so much in America as in some of the countries in Europe. But these people have clung together. They have had a certain amount of unity, pride, and love of race; and, as the years go on, they will be more and more influential in this country, where they were once despised, and looked upon with scorn and derision. It is largely because the Jewish race has had faith in itself.
Unless the Negro learns more-and more to imitate the Jew in these matters, to have faith in himself, he cannot expect to have any high degree of success.> 1856BW016
Booker T. Washington delivered an address at Memorial Hall in Columbus, Ohio, on May 24, 1900. As recorded in The Booker T. Washington Papers, Vol. 5: 1899-1900, (University of Illinois Press, 1976, p. 543-544), before his message, titled, “The Place of the Bible in the Uplifting of the Negro Race,” an attendee recorded:
<Dr. Washington walked on the stage at Memorial Hall with a firm, confident tread, as one sure of his ground. His shoulders are broad and six feet of stature gives strength and poise to command respect. His hair is close cut and gives him the aspect of a war dog with all its tenacious fighting spirit.
The eyes, however, gleam with kindliness and they temper the appearance of the latent fighting forces....His jaw has the firmness of one who has the courage to stand by his convictions...'It's easy to see how that man succeeds,' whispered a delegate to the Bible students' conference after looking at the speaker.
John R. Mott, general secretary of the student movement of North America, presided at the afternoon meeting at Memorial Hall... He introduced Thornton B. Penfield, head of the theological department of the Bible student movement...
Mr. Mott announced Dr. Washington's subject as 'The Place of the Bible in the Uplifting of the Negro Race'…
Dr. Washington began his address after a quartet sang. He spoke of the 91 Y.M.C.A. Organizations for colored youths; of the 5000 colored men studying the Bible, and of the 640 Bible students at Tuskegee, and pointed these as living examples of the progress of the Negro. He pleaded for two more secretaries to teach Bible in the South-land and thus lift the Negro from the chain gang.> 1856BW017
In his address "The Place of the Bible in the Uplifting of the Negro Race" at Memorial Hall in Columbus, Ohio, May 24, 1900, Booker T. Washington stated:
<The men doing the vital things of life are those who read the Bible and are Christians and not ashamed to let the world know it...The Negro who does the shooting is uneducated and without Christian training...
Of all the graduates from Tuskegee Institute only one had been since sentenced to the penitentiary, while of the hundreds of graduates from the 15 old colored institutions of the South, less than half a dozen have been convicted of felonies. So the work today is to make religion the vital part of the Negro's life. But this is a stupendous task, as there is a nation of Negros...
Just remember that the Negro came out of Africa a few centuries ago, half naked, with rings in his nose and ears, and chains upon his ankles and wrists. He came out of that, clothed according to civilized customs with a hammer and a saw in his hands and a Bible in his hands.
No man can read the Bible and be lazy. Christianity increases a man's wants, and therefore increases his capacity for labor. The Negro doesn't run from the Bible, either.> 1856BW018
Booker T. Washington believed that to be great, one should read the Bible, (The Booker T. Washington Papers, Vol. 3: 1889-95, ed., Louis R. Harlan, Univ. of Illinois Press, 1974, p. 93):
<As a rule a person should get into the habit of reading his Bible. You never read in history of any great man whose influence has been lasting, who has not been a reader of the Bible.
Take Abraham Lincoln and Gladstone. Their lives show that they have been readers of the Bible. If you wish to properly direct your mind and necessarily your lives, begin by reading the book of all books. Read your Bible every day, and you will find how healthily you will grow.> 1856BW019
Booker T. Washington stated:
<If you want to lift yourself up, lift up someone else.> 1856BW020
In his book, Putting the Most into Life, Booker T. Washington wrote in the chapter, 'Making Religion a Vital Part of Living' (NY: Thomas Y. Crowell & Co., Publishers, 1906, pages 23-25):
<Educated men and women, especially those who are in college, very often get the idea that religion is fit only for the common people…No young man or woman can make a greater error than this...
My observation has taught me that the people who stand for the most in the educational and commercial world and in the uplifting of the people are in some real way connected with the religious life of the people among whom they reside. This being true we ought to make the most of our religious life...
First the habit of regular attendance at some religious service should be cultivated. This is one of the outward helps toward inward grace...As you value your spiritual life, see to it that you do not lose the spirit of reverence for the Most High...
Do not mistake denominationalism for reverence and religion. Religion is life, denominationalism is an aid to life...
Systematic reading and prayerful study of the Bible is the second outward help which I would commend to those whom I wish to see make the most of their spiritual life. Many people regard the Bible as a wonderful piece of literature only...
Nowhere in all literature can be found a finer bit of oratory than St. Paul's defense before King Agrippa. But praiseworthy as this kind of study is, I do not believe it is sufficient. The Bible should be read as a daily guide to right living and as a daily incentive to positive Christian service...
To live the real religious life is in some measure to share the character of God. The word 'atonement,' which occurs in the Bible again and again, means literally at-one-ment. To be at one with God is to be like God.
Our real religious striving, then, should be to become one with God, sharing with Him in our poor human way His qualities and attributes. To do this, we must get the inner life, the heart right, and we shall then become stronger where we have been weak, wise where we have been foolish...
We must learn to incorporate God's laws into our thoughts and words and acts. Frequent reference is made in the Bible to the freedom that comes from being a Christian.
A man is free just in proportion as he learns to live within God's laws...As we learn God's laws and grow into His likeness we shall find our reward in this world in a life of usefulness and honor. To do this is to have found the kingdom of God, which is the kingdom of character and righteousness and peace.> 1856BW021
Booker T. Washington was grateful for the generosity of Christian churches, as he wrote in Up From Slavery, 1901:
<In my efforts to get money (for Tuskegee) I have often been surprised at the patience and deep interest of the ministers, who are besieged on every hand and at all hours of the day for help.
If no other consideration had convinced me of the value of the Christian life, the Christlike work which the Church of all denominations in America has done during the last thirty-five years for the elevation of the black man would have made me a Christian.
In a large degree it has been the pennies, the nickels, and the dimes which have come from the Sunday-schools, the Christian Endeavor societies, and the missionary societies, as well as from the church proper, that have helped to elevate the Negro at so rapid a rate....
When speaking directly in the interests of the Tuskegee Institute, I usually arrange, some time in advance, a series of meetings in important centers This takes me before churches, Sunday-schools, Christian Endeavour Societies, and men's and women's clubs. When doing this I sometimes speak before as many as four organizations in a single day.> 1856BW022
In Up From Slavery (1901), Booker T. Washington wrote:
<While a great deal of stress is laid upon the industrial side of the work at Tuskegee, we do not neglect or overlook in any degree the religious and spiritual side. The school is strictly undenominational, but it is thoroughly Christian, and the spiritual training of the students is not neglected. Our preaching service, prayer-meetings, Sunday-school, Christian Endeavor Society, Young Men's Christian Association, and various missionary organizations, testify to this...
You may fill your heads with knowledge or skillfully train your hands, but unless it is based upon high upright character, upon a true heart, it will amount to nothing.> 1856BW023
One of these Bible classes was taught by Dr. George Washington Carver, who wrote to Booker T. Washington, on May 28, 1907:
<For your information only. Mr. B.T. Washington, About three months ago 6 or 7 persons met in my office one evening and organized a Bible class, and asked me to teach it. I consented to start them off. Their idea was to put in the 20 or 25 minutes on Sunday evenings which intervene between supper and chapel service.
We began at the first of the Bible and attempted to explain the Creation story in the light of natural and revealed religion and geological truths. Maps, charts plants and geological specimens were used to illustrate the work. We have had an average attendance of 80 and often as high as 114. Thought these facts would help you in speaking of the religious life of the school. Very truly.
G.W. Carver.> 1856BW024
Booker T. Washington continued his description of Tuskegee Institute:
<While the institution is in no sense denominational, we have a department known as the Phelps Hall Bible Training School, in which a number of students are prepared for the ministry and other forms of Christian work, especially work in the country districts.
What is equally important, each one of the students works...each day at some industry, in order to get skill and the love of work, so that when he goes out from the institution he is prepared to set the people with whom he goes to labour a proper example in the matter of industry...
In the school we made a special effort to teach our students the meaning of Christmas, and to give them lessons in its proper observance. In this we have been successful to a degree that makes me feel safe in saying that the season now has a new meaning, not only through all that immediate region, but, in a measure, wherever our graduates have gone.> 1856BW025
Though Tuskegee was non-sectarian, its daily life was permeated by active religion which included Sunday preaching services and Sunday school classes, daily evening chapel devotionals and a "Week of Prayer" held for two weeks every January.
A Bible Training school was established in 1893 to prepare students for Christian ministry. Students helped out at community churches on Sundays; ran a Y.M.C.A. that looked after the sick, needy, and elderly in the area; and staffed a Humane Society for the proper care of animals.
Tuskegee's impressive chapel, built in 1899, is one of over 100 campus building constructed by students during Booker T. Washington's tenure.
Booker T. Washington wrote:
<Few things can help an individual more than to place responsibility on him, and to let him know that you trust him.> 1856BW026
Booker T. Washington became friends with the leading men of his day, including Steel industrialist Andrew Carnegie; Standard Oil's John D. Rockefeller and Henry Huttleston Rogers; George Eastman, inventor and founder of Kodak; and Sears, Roebuck & Company President Julius Rosenwald.
Julius Rosenwald funded a pilot program of 100 elementary schools, designed and operated by Tuskegee. Rosenwald and Carnegie took a “matching fund” approach to expand to 4,977 schools, 217 teacher homes and 163 shop buildings in 15 States.
An Agricultural College on Wheels taught over 2,000 farmers in 28 States. Visitors began to come to Tuskegee from all around the world. In 1905, they came from 16 countries, including Africa, India, China, Japan, Poland and Russia.
Booker T. Washington sent Tuskegee graduates to Liberia, West Africa. He even sent his personal envoy, Emmitt Scott, to discourage France from annexing Liberia, helping to preserve Liberia's independence.
Ten years before the U.S. Chamber of Commerce was formed, Booker T. Washington founded the National Negro Business League in 1900, growing it to 600 chapters.
Booker T. Washington made statements:
<I want to see you own land…Leaders have devoted themselves to politics, little knowing, it seems, that political independence disappears without economic independence; that economic independence is the foundation of political independence.> 1856BW027
Booker T. Washington was thankful for the rich as they supported his work at Tuskegee (Up From Slavery, 1901):
<The more I come into contact with wealthy people, the more I believe that they are growing in the direction of looking upon their money simply as an instrument which God has placed in their hand for doing good with. I never go to the office of Mr. John D. Rockefeller, who more than once has been generous to Tuskegee, without being reminded of this.
The close, careful, and minute investigation that he always makes in order to be sure that every dollar that he gives will do the most good - an investigation that is just as searching as if he were investing money in a business enterprise - convinces me that the growth in this direction is most encouraging…
In the city of Boston I have rarely called upon an individual for funds that I have not been thanked for calling, usually before I could get an opportunity to thank the donor for the money...The donors seem to feel, in a large degree, that an honor is being conferred upon them in their being permitted to give...Nowhere else have I met with, in so large a measure, this fine and Christlike spirit as in the city of Boston, although there are many notable instances of it outside that city.
I repeat my belief that the world is growing in the direction of giving.> 1856BW028
Booker T. Washington was visited by President William McKinley. He had dinner at the White House with President Theodore Roosevelt, and met with President William Howard Taft. He spoke from New Hampshire to California, Minnesota to Florida, and even Europe, where he was received by the Queen of England in Windsor Castle.
Vice-President Calvin Coolidge traveled to Tuskegee, Alabama, in 1923 and met with Robert Russa Moton, the Principal of Tuskegee Institute after Booker T. Washington's death in 1915. In 1924, Calvin Coolidge, now the President, received Robert Russa Moton at a meeting in the White House.
Booker T. Washington was the first African American to have his image on a U.S. postage stamp, 1940, a U.S. Coin, 1946, and was the first African American elected to the Hall of Fame, 1945. He was awarded an honorary Masters Degree from Harvard and an honorary doctorate from Dartmouth.
When Harvard president Charles W. Eliot spoke at Tuskegee's 25th anniversary in 1906, he stated:
<By 1905, Tuskegee produced more self-made millionaires than Harvard, Yale and Princeton combined.> 1856BW029
Booker T. Washington stated:
<Anyone can seek a job, but it requires a person of rare ability to create a job...What we should do in our schools is to turn out fewer job seekers and more job creators.> 1856BW030
Widowed twice, his third wife outlived him. His children were a daughter, Portia, and two sons, Booker T. Washington Jr. and Ernest Davidson Washington.
The Secretary of the Navy, John D. Long, spoke in honor of Booker T. Washington at Tuskegee:
<I cannot make a speech to-day. My heart is too full-full of hope, admiration, and pride for my countrymen of both sections and both colours. I am filled with gratitude and admiration for your work, and from this time forward I shall have absolute confidence in your progress and in the solution of the problem in which you are engaged. The problem, I say, has been solved...
A picture has been presented to-day which should be put upon canvas with the pictures of Washington and Lincoln, and transmitted to future time and generations - a picture which the press of the country should spread broadcast over the land, a most dramatic picture, and that picture is this:
'The President of the United States (Theodore Roosevelt) standing on this platform; on one side the Governor of Alabama, on the other, completing the trinity, a representative of a race only a few years ago in bondage, the colored President of the Tuskegee Normal and Industrial Institute.'
God bless the President under whose majesty such a scene as that is presented to the American people.
God bless the State of Alabama, which is showing that it can deal with this problem for itself.
God bless the orator, philanthropist, and disciple of the Great Master - who, if He were on earth, would be doing the same work - Booker T. Washington.> 1856BW031
Booker T. Washington's approach to African Americans being fully accepted into American life was to follow the same path every immigrant group had to follow. German, Irish, Jewish, Polish, Italian, and other immigrants were initially met with discrimination, then they worked hard, gained an education, started businesses, accumulated wealth, made contributions to society, and rose in respect.
Booker T. Washington recommended African Americans "concentrate all their energies on industrial education, and accumulation of wealth, and the conciliation of the South," believing that "blacks would eventually gain full participation in society by showing themselves to be responsible, reliable American citizens."
Booker T. Washington wrote:
<A whining crying race may be pitied but seldom respected.> 1856BW032
<I want to see my race live such high and useful lives that they will not be merely tolerated, but they shall be needed and wanted.> 1856BW033
<No man who continues to added something to the material, intellectual and moral well-being of the place in which he lives is left without proper reward.> 1856BW034
But, as African Americans began to advance in society, Democrat vigilante groups in the South committed over 3,000 lynching in the early 1900s. Booker T. Washington's challenge was to walk the fine line between racist Southern Democrats who would commit violence if African Americans tried to rise above their inferior social position, and the Northern racial activists who denigrated those not joining in their demands for immediate reparations, such as W.E.B. Dubois, who later joined the Communist Party.
Booker T. Wasington referred to these individuals, stating:
<There is a class of race problem solvers who make a business of keeping the troubles, the wrongs and the hardships of the Negro race before the public...Some of these people do not want the Negro to lose his grievances because they do not want to lose their jobs...They don't want the patient to get well…Great men cultivate love...only little men cherish a spirit of hatred.> 1856BW035
Someone who attended Booker T. Washington High School in Atlanta, Georgia, was Martin Luther King, Jr., who faced a similar challenge, writing on April 16, 1963:
<I stand in the middle of two opposing forces in the Negro community.
One is a force of complacency...The other force is one of bitterness and hatred...We need emulate neither the 'do-nothingism' of the complacent nor the hatred of the black nationalist. For there is the more excellent way of love and non-violent protest. I am grateful to God that, through the influence of the Negro church, the way of non-violence became an integral part of our struggle.> 1856BW036
When Booker T. Washington died, Andrew Carnegie stated:
<I mourn with you today as one who shares your sorrow. America has lost one of her best and greatest citizens. History is to tell of two Washingtons. One the leader of his country and the other the leader of his race.> 1856BW037
Booker T. Washington wrote:
<The man is unwise who does not cultivate in every manly way the friendship and goodwill of his next-door neighbor, whether he be black or white.> 1856BW038
--
American Quotations by William J. Federer, 2024, All Rights Reserved, Permission granted to use with acknowledgement.
Endnotes:
1856BW001. William J. Federer, American Quotations (2014). Booker Taliaferro Washington. Statement.
1856BW002. William J. Federer, American Quotations (2014). Booker Taliaferro Washington, in his book, Up From Slavery (1901). Bob Cutshall, More Light for the Day (Minneapolis, MN: Northwestern Products, Inc., 1991), 1.20. Perry Tanksley, To Love is to Give (Jackson, MS: Allgood Books, Box 1329; Parthenon Press, 201 8th Ave., South, Nashville, TN, 1972), p. 43.
1856BW003. William J. Federer, American Quotations (2014). Booker Taliaferro Washington. Perry Tanksley, To Love is to Give (Jackson, MS: Allgood Books, Box 1329; Parthenon Press, 201 8th Ave., South, Nashville, TN, 1972), p. 51.
1856BW004. William J. Federer, American Quotations (2014). Booker Taliaferro Washington. Bob Cutshall, More Light for the Day (Minneapolis, MN: Northwestern Products, Inc., 1991), 1.20. Perry Tanksley, To Love is to Give (Jackson, Mississippi: Allgood Books, Box 1329; Parthenon Press, 201 8th Ave., South, Nashville, Tennessee, 1972), p. 43.
1856BW005. William J. Federer, American Quotations (2014). Booker Taliaferro Washington. www.btwsociety.org/library/misc/quotes.php
1856BW006. William J. Federer, American Quotations (2014). Booker Taliaferro Washington, in his book, Up From Slavery, (1901).
1856BW007. William J. Federer, American Quotations (2014). Booker Taliaferro Washington, in his book, Up From Slavery, (1901).
1856BW008. William J. Federer, American Quotations (2014). Booker Taliaferro Washington. Statement.
1856BW009. William J. Federer, American Quotations (2014). Booker Taliaferro Washington. Perry Tanksley, To Love is to Give (Jackson, Mississippi: Allgood Books, Box 1329; Parthenon Press, 201 8th Ave., South, Nashville, Tennessee, 1972), p. 51.
1856BW010. William J. Federer, American Quotations (2014). Booker Taliaferro Washington, September 18, 1895, address at the International Exposition in Atlanta, as he recorded in book, Up From Slavery, (1901).
1856BW011. William J. Federer, American Quotations (2014). Booker Taliaferro Washington, September 18, 1895, address at the International Exposition in Atlanta, as he recorded in book, Up From Slavery, (1901).
1856BW012. William J. Federer, American Quotations (2014). Booker Taliaferro Washington. Statement.
1856BW013. William J. Federer, American Quotations (2014). Booker Taliaferro Washington, Spring, 1896, letter to George Washington Carver. Dave Collins, George Washington Carver-Man's Slave becomes God's Scientist (Milford, MI: Mott Media, Inc., 1981), p. 66.
1856BW014. William J. Federer, American Quotations (2014). Booker Taliaferro Washington. George Washington Carver, May 16, 1896, accepted his offer to join the staff at Tuskegee Institute. Tuskegee Institute Archives, George Washington Carver Papers, reel 1, frame 0768. Gary R. Kremer, George Washington Carver-In His Own Words (Columbia, MO: University of Missouri Press, 1987), pp. 63-64.
1856BW015. William J. Federer, American Quotations (2014). Booker Taliaferro Washington, July 28, 1896, to Major T.C. Marshall, editor of the Salvation Army's Conqueror magazine. Kevin A. Miller, "Fashionable or Forceful" (Carol Stream, IL: Christian History, 465 Gunderson Drive, Carol Stream, IL 60188, 1990), Issue 26, Volume IX, No. 2, p. 2.
1856BW016. William J. Federer, American Quotations (2014). Booker Taliaferro Washington, in his book The Future of the American Negro (1899). 1856BW017. William J. Federer, American Quotations (2014). Booker Taliaferro Washington. The Booker T. Washington Papers, Volume 5: 1899- 1900, (The University of Illinois Press, 1976, page 543-544), address titled, 'The Place of the Bible in the Uplifting of the Negro Race,' May 24, 1900, at Memorial Hall in Columbus, Ohio.
1856BW018. William J. Federer, American Quotations (2014). Booker Taliaferro Washington, May 24, 1900, in his address "The Place of the Bible in the Uplifting of the Negro Race" at Memorial Hall in Columbus, Ohio. The Booker T. Washington Papers, Volume 5: 1899-1900, (The University of Illinois Press, 1976, page 543-544). "Booker T. Washington-American Hero," by Ronald Court, President of the Booker T. Washington Society, www.BTWsociety.org, court@BTWsociety.org, 802-922-2503.
1856BW019. William J. Federer, American Quotations (2014). Booker Taliaferro Washington, The Booker T. Washington Papers, Vol. 3: 1889-95, ed., Louis R. Harlan, Univ. of Illinois Press, 1974, p. 93.
1856BW020. William J. Federer, American Quotations (2014). Booker Taliaferro Washington. Statement.
1856BW021. William J. Federer, American Quotations (2014). Booker Taliaferro Washington, in his book, Putting the Most into Life, chapter, 'Making Religion a Vital Part of Living' (NY: Thomas Y. Crowell & Co., Publishers, 1906, pages 23-25).
1856BW022. William J. Federer, American Quotations (2014). Booker Taliaferro Washington in his book, Up From Slavery, (1901).
1856BW023. William J. Federer, American Quotations (2014). Booker Taliaferro, in his book, Up From Slavery (1901).
1856BW024. William J. Federer, American Quotations (2014). Booker Taliaferro Washington. George Washington Carver, May 28, 1907, memo at Tuskegee Institute to Booker T. Washington.
1856BW025. William J. Federer, American Quotations (2014). Booker Taliaferro Washington, in his book, Up From Slavery, (1901).
1856BW026. William J. Federer, American Quotations (2014). Booker Taliaferro Washington. Statement.
1856BW027. William J. Federer, American Quotations (2014). Booker Taliaferro Washington. Statement.
1856BW028. William J. Federer, American Quotations (2014). Booker Taliaferro Washington, Up From Slavery, (1901).
1856BW029. William J. Federer, American Quotations (2014). Booker Taliaferro Washington. Harvard president Charles W. Eliot spoke at Tuskegee's 25th anniversary in 1906.
1856BW030. William J. Federer, American Quotations (2014). Booker Taliaferro Washington. Statement.
1856BW031. William J. Federer, American Quotations (2014). Booker Taliaferro Washington. The Secretary of the Navy, John D. Long, spoke in honor of Booker T. Washington at Tuskegee. Kevin A. Miller, "Fashionable or Forceful" (Carol Stream, IL: Christian History, 465 Gunderson Drive, Carol Stream, IL 60188, 1990), Issue 26, Vol. IX, No. 2, p. 2.
1856BW032. William J. Federer, American Quotations (2014). Booker Taliaferro Washington. Statement.
1856BW033. William J. Federer, American Quotations (2014). Booker Taliaferro Washington. Statement.
1856BW034. William J. Federer, American Quotations (2014). Booker Taliaferro Washington. Statement.
1856BW035. William J. Federer, American Quotations (2014). Booker Taliaferro Washington. Statement.
1856BW036. William J. Federer, American Quotations (2014). Booker Taliaferro Washington. Martin Luther King, Jr., attended Booker T. Washington High School, Atlanta, Georgia, statement April 16, 1963.
1856BW037. William J. Federer, American Quotations (2014). Booker Taliaferro Washington. Statement.
1856BW038. William J. Federer, American Quotations (2014). Booker Taliaferro Washington. Statement.